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Olli (1889-1967) - pseudonym for Väinö Nuorteva - surname until 1919 Nyberg |
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Finnish journalist, humorous columnist, who wrote 42 years for the conservative newspaper Uusi Suomi. Väinö Nuorteva is best known for his 10.000 sketches published under the pseudonym "Olli". Among his most popular fictional characters is the anarchistic Black-Bearded Man (Mustapartainen mies), who is always in conflict with bureaucracy and trivial cultural phenomenon. Olli's linguistic jokes have inspired a number of Finnish columnists. "Marakatti tuottaa suurta helpotusta ihmiselle, kun se on niin ihmisen näköinen. Ihminen, joka ei osaa nauraa itselleen eikä uskalla nauraa toisille ihmisille, voi nauraa marakatille." ('Otso Kirjosiipi,' Harmin paikkoja: pakinoita by Olli, illustrated by Erkki Koponen, Helsinki: Otava, 1951, p. 41) Väinö Nuorteva was born Väinö Albert Nyberg in Mäntsälä. At that time Finland was still an autonomous Grand Duchy of the Russian empire. Nuorteva came from a middle class family. His father, Karl Emil Nyberg, was a pharmacist. When Nuorteva was 14, his father died, and the family moved to Helsinki. While still at school, he started to write plays and dream of becoming a playwright. In an autobiographical sketch he said: "Syntyi nuorena, tuli vanhemmalla iällään ns. jokapäiväiseksi pakinoitsijaksi. Etsiessä syitä jälkimmäiseen onnettomuuteen voinee havaita, että alun alkujaan ensimmäisen kipinän sytyttäjänä oli Mäntsälän vapaaehtoinen palokunta." ('Olli,' in Aleksis Kivestä Martti Mefrehmaahan, Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1954, p. 754) In 1910 Nuorteva entered the University of Helsinki, where he studied folklore. He participated in student's club activities, gaining fame as an actor and writer of short plays. Some of these early pieces were published in the magazine Nuori Voima, which then commissioned him to write humorous sketches. After receiving his M.A. in 1914, Nuorteva began to prepare his doctoral thesis, dealing with "comical elements in folkpoetry". From 1914 to 1922 he contributed to several publications, incuding Ylioppilaslehti (Student magazine), Uusi Päivä (New day), which advocated independence from Russia, and the aftenoon paper Iltalehti. In accordance with the patriotic spirit of the independent Finland, he changed his Swedish surname to Nuorteva in 1919. The pseudonym "Olli" first appeared in 1914 in Ylioppilaslehti. Some of the essays were written in the form of an
absurd short play. In the issue two Olli made comments on the sayings
of Cicero, Helsinki's polar bears and the weather, shortage of student
accommodations, and the size of the ballroom of the University. "Elämme
maassa, jonka pääkaupungin eläinkokoelman jääkarhut saattavat talvella
oleskella ulkoilmahäkissä hikoilematta. Paitsi tomumajasta olemme siis
mitä suurimmassa määrin riippuvaisia majasta, jossa on mahdollisimman
vähän tomua." ('Minkä mitäkin' by Olli, Ylioppilaslehti, No. 2, 25.01. 1914, p. 19) Nuorteva contributed 33 essays to the paper. Plans to finish his thesis Nuorteva buried in the early 1920s. He edited only a collection of folk tales about legendary "simpletons" or "noodleheads," titled Hölmöläiset (1924). In 1925 he married Ebba Erika Lindroos; they had two sons, both of whom made a distinguished career at the University of Helsinki. Nuorteva moved in 1922 to the National Coalition Party's main organ, the newspaper Uusi Suomi,
where he worked as a columnist until his retirement in 1964. During
this period, he wrote over 10,000 humorous sketches (13,000 in some sources). The best of them were regularly
collected in books, published by Otava. Until 1938, they were illustrated by
Toivo Vikstedt (1891-1930) and then by Erkki Koponen (1899-1996). Nuorteva
mostly mocked the urban middle-class and intellectuals, to whom his
humour had the greatest appeal. Politically Nuorteva was a right-wing conservative, and even expressed sympathy towards anti-democratic action in the 1930s: "Ja lysti on olla meilläkin, meillä tunnollisilla, virkeillä, tarmokkailla kansalaisilla, jotka jo heti eilen riensimme sivaltamaan iskumme punaista rintamaa vastaan. . . . Tarpeeksi ovat jo juutalaiset punaiset sosialistit vihankylvöllään repineet rikki suomalaista kansaa." ('Nyt on aika' by Olli, Uusi Suomi, No. 172, 02.07.1933, p. 2) Nuorteva said that Jewish socialists are tearing Finnish people apart with their sowing of hatred. Mustapartainen mies herättää pahennusta
(1921, The Black-Bearded Man gives offence), Nuorteva's first collection of causeries, presented the
Black-Bearded Man, a dedicated troublemaker with a devilish smile. In
the title story he distubs the public peace by using a fire horn,
explaining that he does it in protest of the noise caused by car horns,
trams, and bicycle bells. "En epäile sanoa, että Olli on puhtaasti
kirjallisena taidemuotona kehittänyt suomalaisen koserian pitemmälle
kuin kukaan toinen," said V. A. Koskenniemi in his review of the book.
"Hän on luonut itselleen lakoonisen, kuivankoomillisen tyylin, josta
ehkä saattaa kaivata syvempää psykoloogista huumoria, mutta joka
sensijaan useimmiten on älyllisesti ryyditetty ja aina huvittava." ('Humoristista kirjallisuutta. Olli: Mustapartainen mies herättää pahennusta' by V. A. K., Iltalehti, No. 30, 06.02.2022, p. 4) The Black-Bearded Man is an everyman figure, seemingly
harmless but actually the ultimate horror of all bureaucrats. He is a
bourgeois anarchist: he don't want to turn the society upside down. He
want's to turn people upside down and shake them. With his irritating
behaviour – he often takes things literally – he tests the boundaries
of
etiquette and custom. Nuorteva introduced him with the phrase, "Good,
said the
Black-Bearded Man, day." This contrarian, who was featured in 65
stories,
could be seen as a kindred spirit to Tove
Jansson's Little My, Väinö Linna's Antero Rokka, and the many-sided
"folk artist"
M. A. Numminen, almost a lookalike of Erkki Koponen's caricature
figure. Other popular characters, to be laughed at or laughed with, were "my friend and roommate Kalle Niemeläinen," an inventor of many unpractical ideas, the senior accountant Jakari and his wife, the private thinker Manasse Olotilanne, the correspondent Eturientolan erikoisuuskirjeenvaihturi, and the poet Otso Kirjosiipi (Oswald Scribalwing), who is devoted to his art without any success. According to Nuorteva, they were created without models. Real life persons are seldom mentioned in the causeries. Of all of Nuorteva's characters, the unlucky Ancient Greek philosopher Thrasykrates came closest to his alter ego. Once he is sentenced to two months imprisonment for cheating people in his speech to be honest. Conclusion: honest dishonesty is more honest than dishonest honesty. "Tästä näemme, että rehellinen epärehellisyys on rehellisempää kuin epärehellinen rehellisyys, sanoivat tapahtuman johdosta Tharasykrateelle vihamieliset, ilkeät sofistit." ('Törkeätä lievempää rehellisyyttä,' Törkeätä lievempää: 35 juttua by Olli, illustrated by Erkki Koponen, Helsinki: Otava, 1955, p. 35) Yrjö Kivimies claimed in a review in 1936
that at the moment Olli the best columnist in the world. "Olen
seuraillut useita ulkomaiden lehtiä, ja vakaumukseni on, ettei missään
koko maailmassa ole tällä hetkellä Ollin veroista pakinoitsijaa.
Ruotsin Hasse Z., joka aikoinaan teki hyviäkin juttuja, on muuttunut
vanhaksipiiaksi, ja Kar de Mumma, josta ruotsalaiset itse pitävät
suurta melua, saa vain silloin tällöin leikkauksen, jollaisia Olli
sorvailee silloinkin, kun jokapäiväisen pakinoitsijan alituinen
seuralainen taedium vitae, "musta koira", raskasmielisyys häntä
ahditaa." (Kirjallisuuspalsta. Ollia' by Kivimies, Uusi Suomi, No. 289, 25.10.1936, p. 17) During the Soviet aggression against Finland in World War II,
Nuorteva's writing took a patriotic stand. His major targets were the
Soviet system, and Politruks and the
commissars. Russians were portrayed as morally corrupt and uncivilized
people, but he seldom mentioned Stalin or the foreign minister
Vyacheslav Molotov. Like other journalists
at the Uusi Suomi,
Nuorteva did not show interest in criticizing the Third Reich and the
persecution of Jews. However, he preserved a distance to Nazism. In general, Nuorteva's view on
human nature
was negative. In one causerie from 1940 the Black-Bearded Man concluded
that man himself is the missing link between the ape and the man.
"Brutal violence is again conquering the honorary place. The soulless
masses of brutes may trample humanity and development to their feet." ('Puuttuva rengas,' Uusi Suomi,
8.3.1940, quoted in 'Childlike Masses against True Men of Valour: The
Comical Image of the Russians in Finland During The Finnish-Soviet
Winter War (1939-1940)' by Vesa Vares, Enemy Images in War Propaganda, edited by Marja Vuorinen, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012, p. 82) With humour as weapon, Nuorteva
contributed to the Finnish war effort with such collections as Pisteet lopussa (1941), Vot, iivana (1942), and Vastikekastike 45 jutukkeesta
(1943). These books were removed from library shelves when the
Continuation War ended in September 1944. From thence on, the city life, human weaknesses, social pretensions of the
middle
class, modern art, uses of language in newspapers and ordinary
speech provided Nuorteva material for his writing. Occasionally his
texts took the form of mock theatre play. Many of Olli's causeries have
also been adapted to radio. Despite Nuorteva's right-wing political position, his books enjoyed a wide popularity among all kinds of audiences; even liberals and leftists intellectuals read him. Generally Nuorteva avoided touching topical or political issues. The causeries are peppered with aphorism, witty remarks, and philosophing. "Good stories must always be ended in time. And bad stories must be ended even more in time." ('Tuntipalkalla,' Vahingosta vihastuu: 35 juttua by Olli, illustrated by Toivo Vikstedt, Helsinki: Otava, 1924) "People are more likely to be unhappy. They don't understand happiness." ('Karkauspäivä,' in Peukalokyyti: pakinoita by Olli, illustrated by Erkki Koponen, Helsinki: Otava, p. 66) Nuorteva once said in an interview that he was a painfully slow writer. Usually he worked out the text in his head before he put anything on paper. The last sentence was the most important. In 1953 Nuorteva received The State Award, and in 1964 he became a
professor h.c. After retiring he said in an interview, that he would
choose the same job again, despite being the most devilish in the
world. Väinö Nuorteva died
in Helsinki on February 2, 1967. His works have been
analyzed in academic studies and reprinted several times after his
death. In 1990, the Black-Bearded Man, played by
Kaarlo Juurela in the title role, appeared in a TV series. Produced by
Primetime Production and directed by Hannu Ström, it ran only one
season. Nuorteva was fascinated by breaking the norms of language. His playful deviations became a concept and a yardstick for the following generations of humorous essayists. With a poker-faced seriousness, Olli could emphasize his apparent objectivity and distance by using minute details and numbers: "Yhdistyksen 3,452:sta jäsenestä oli ensimmäisessä kokouksessa läsnä 8, toisessa kokouksessa 9, kolmannessa 33 ja neljännessä 23. Siinä neljännessä kokouksessa valittiin yhdistykselle puheenjohtaja." ('Pieni surullinen tarina' by Olli, Ylioppilaslehti, No. 27, November 26, 1916, p. 320) The verbal somersaults are difficult to translate into other languages, but nevertheless, some of the sketches have appeared in German and Estonian translations. For further reading: 'Olli,' in Kotimaisia pakinoitsijoita by Vesa Sisättö & Jukka Halme (2013); Satiiri Suomessa by Sari Kivistö & H.K. Riikonen (2012); 'Ridiculing the Demon: The Comical Image of Lazy, Stupid, Ineffective, Helpless, Uncultured Russians During the Winter War 1939-1940 in Finland' by Vesa Vares, in Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security, ed. by Josef Demergis (2010); Olli-bibliografia 1921-1999 by Simo Sjöblom (1999); Ollista Bisquitiin: Ylioppilaslehden pakinat 1913-1968 by Kirsti Manninen (1987); Suomalaista huumoria Ollista Bisquitiin, ed. by Timo Tiusanen (1978, 2nd edition); Verbien monitulkintaisuus Ollin kielessä ja nykysuomessa by Jorma Vuoriniemi (1974); 'Olli, Suomen vaatimattomin nero,' in Kasvoja valonhämystä by Arvi Kivimaa (1974); Ollin kieli nykysuomen kuvastimena: semanttis-interpretatiivi tutkimus by Jorma Vuoriniemi (1973); 'Olli,' in Aleksis Kivestä Martti Merenmaahan: suomalaisten kirjailijain elämäkertoja (1954) Selected works:
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