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Marton Taiga (1907-1969) - Real name: Martti Erik Hjalmar Löfberg. - Pseudonyms: M. Levä, L. Martin, Margot Lagarto, Erkki Ruoste, Bones, Ali-Baba, Asinus Minor, Maija Laurinmaa, etc. |
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Prolific Finnish pulp writer, who published over 50 books from mystery novels to science fiction - there was hardly any type of story he could't produce. Martti Löfberg's works were highly popular before and after World War II, but nowadays they are not so widely read. Two selections of Löfberg's short stories of inspector William J. Kairala, written under the name M. Levä, came out in WSOY's traditional mystery series SaPo (1987, 1991). "Pieni, paksuhko, pyylevähkö mies, joka seisoskeli toimettoman näköisenä helsinkiläisten kiireisimpämä aamiaisaikana Aleksanterin- ja Mikonkadun kulmauksessa, hymyili sellaista salaperäistä hymyilyä, josta ei oikein voinut päästä selville. Se näytti hiukan iloiselta, ja ehkäpä se sitä olikin, sillä komisario William J. Kairala oli tällä kertomuksemme alkajaishetkellä sangen murheellisella tuulella. Ja silloin hänellä aina oli tapana hymyillä iloisesti." ('Uskollinen terrieri ja komisario Kairala,' Komisario Kairalan tutkimuksia: 34 rikoskertomusta by Marton Taiga, edited by Kalevi Haiko, Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1987, p. 184; first published in Kiki, No, 1, 1936) Martti Erik Hjalmar Löfberg (Marton Taiga) was born
in
Helsinki, the son of Adolf Hjalmar Gregorius Löfberg and Elin
Johansson. His father owned a sport shop, which sold bicycles imported
from Chemnitz, Germany. Löfberg was educated at Juankoski
secondary school. In the 1920s in Helsinki, he became friends with
Aarne Haapakoski, with whom he sat in restaurants. A prolific pulp
writer, Haapakoski became better known under the pseudonym Outsider. After the war, Löfberg expanded his radio play, Kaksihuippuisen vuoren salaisuus (1945), into a novelette, but Haapakoski was not completely satisfied with the result; Löfberg's style was rather too verbose for his taste. This work was published in 1958 by Kustannus Oy Ajanviete (Kalle-Kustaa Korkin seikkailuja 4). Löfberg started to write in Germany, where he was sent in 1928 to learn everything about bicycles. After his father died, the sport shop went in bankrupt. When the Great Depression hit in Finland, Löfberg's found a new career by selling his first short story to the magazine Lukemisia Kaikille, which ordered one hundred stories more. Having made his breakthrough, Löfberg became a full-time writer. In addition to Lukemista kaikille, published by Ilmarinen Oy and edited by Viljo Niukkanen, Löfberg contributed from 1928 to 1938 Jännityslukemisto, Kiki, Seikkailukertomuksia, and Yllätyslukemisto. Many of their covers of were painted by Eeli Jaatinen. Finnish pulp magazines survived until the emergence of television in the 1950s. Nearly throughout his career, Löfberg remained faithful to the Ilmarinen Publishing Company. He was paid a regular salary, earning many times more than a skilled Finnish worker. Kiki: kirjallinen kuukausimagazine, founded by Ilmarinen in 1929, published Löfberg's Western stories set in La Perla. They were written under the name Marton Taiga. In 1936 Löfberg married Eva Sofia Hirvonen. His first
book, Mustan lipun ritarit (1937, Knights of the black
flag)
was influenced by Edgar Wallace's books. This
work, featuring colonel Korte, was set in Afghanistan. More popular was
his
Inspector William J. Kairala, the hero of about 100 stories, who had
much in common with Mika Waltari's
Inspector Palmu and Outsider's Klaus Karma. Löfberg wrote the stories
as M. Levä. Possibly he also participated in the
Nordic mystery novel competition of 1938, which Waltari won with Who
Killed Mrs Skrof? La
Perlan öitä ja päiviäkin (1938) and Perlattaren sukkanauha
(1944) were set in an imaginary Latin American country called La Perla.
These novels had many things in common with Simo Penttilä's T. J. A.
Heikkilä adventures – he is a Finnish officer, who
ends up in Mexico and teaches some manners to the local crooks.
Löfberg's tone is more ironic
and his Finnish heroes are less stereotypical. Vallankumous myytävänä
(1944, Revolution for sale) takes place in the Republic of Casa Verde,
where people wear
sombreros. Olli Viksari alias Mr
Brown alias the Duke of Tölö, the jack-of-all-trades hero of this picaresque novel, became a series
character. Arizonan kukka
(1945, The flower of Arizona), a
western novel,
appeared under the pseudonym of L. Martin. Facts in these books show
that Löfberg read widely and was familiar with the conventions of the
western genre. "Mutta heidän palkkansa oli kovin pieni, ja vaikka heillä oli korttirekisteri neljästäkymmenestä pitäjän suurimmasta viinankuljetajasta, he istuivat etupäässä kädet ristissä. Tämä ei tarkoita sitä että he olisivat ottaneet vastaan lahjuksia, sillä tosiseikka on, että kaikista väitteistä huolimatta maamme poliisikunta on kohtalaisen rehellistä väkeä. He vain tiesivät ja tunsivat toivottoman asemansa ja avuttomuutensa leikissä. Heidän ei kannattanut sekaantua siihen, sillä ihmishenki on toki melko arvokas. Nimittäin poliisin henki." ('Kairalan viikonloppuja,' in Komisario Kairalan tutkimuksia 2 by Marton Taiga, edited by Kalevi Haiko, Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1991, p. 96; first published in Seikkailukertomuksia, No. 32, 1939) The first Kairala collection, Komisario William J. Kairala,
mestarisalapoliisi, came out in 1938. Most of the stories had first appeared in magazines
such as Kiki and Yllätyslukemisto. Kairala is a big,
good-humored, hard-working policeman. "In my
own
way I'm a fine man, but I'm so damn fat." A member of the Helsinki
police force, Kairala do not have much
illusions about the human character. He supports death penalty, but he
is ready ignore minor crimes, including distribution of illegal
alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition, until the lawbreakers start
to use his own peaceful strip of beach. Then he must act, and Kairala
beats and arrests them – in this
order. Cocaine enters Helsinki's club scene in the Kairala mystery
'Tupakkalähetyksiä' (1934). Like
Waltari's Inspector Palmu, Kairala is a
bachelor and he loves smoking cigars (Löfberg himself smoked a pipe).
Moreover, he can speak German. Comparing Palmu to Kairala, Yrjö Kivimies
wrote: "Hän tuntuu sitäkin kalpeammalta, kun meillä Suomessa on
iloksemme verrattomasti värikkäämpi tyyppi: komisario William J.
Kairala, mestarisalapoliisi. Tiedossani ei ole, missä määrin Waltarilla
on osuutta Kairalan olemassaoloon — puusta katsoen vastaisi mielellään
kieltävästi, silla Kairalassa havaitsee joskus välittömän huumorin
pilkahduksia, jotka ovat Waltarille yleensä vieraita." ('Salapoliisiromaaneja' by Yrjö Kivimies, Suomalainen Suomi, No. 6, 1939, p. 370) By today's standards, Kairala stories are definitively politically incorrect: they portray evil-intentioned foreigners and show prejudicial attitudes towards minority groups. Some of them presented stereotypical Jewish characters; criminal Jews were often cast in the role of moneylenders or blackmailers. (Juutalaisvastaisuus suomalaisissa aikakauslehdissä ja kirjallisuudessa 1918-1944 by Jari Hanski, Helsingin yliopisto, 2006, p. 112) Anti-Semitism is integral to Löfberg's stories. There is no excuse for it. In Porkkana ja Lila Lee (1944) Kid Barrow knocks unconscious his shadower, a "hairy-footed follower of Solomon" who looks like something in between "a harbour hyena and a hotel rat". In 'Kairala on raivostunut' (1939) a Jewish doctor cuts a dog without using anesthesia. (Rauta ja Ristilukki: Vilho Helasen salapoliisisarja by Paula Arvas, Helsinki: Yliopistopaino, 2009, p. 141) "Gallialaiset orjat liikahtivat hieman, ja kun oviverho aukaistiin ja orjien päämies Vitrianus viittasi heitä tulemaan, he astuivat kaikki eteenpäin. He tulivat marmoripermantoiseen huoneeseen, jonka toisella puolella, matalalla sohvalla lojui lihava, alaston mies. Muuan orja nyppi parhaillaan hänen säärikarvojaan pienillä pronssinipistimillä, toinen kiilloitti hänen kynsiään ja kolmas seisoi leposohvan pääpuolessa hieroen herransa niskaa tottunein sormin." ('5 minuutin hiljaisuus. 1: arpikasvoinen orja' by Marton Taiga, Lukemista Kaikille, No. 33, 15.VIII, 1936, p. 10) A
genre-crosser, Löfberg tried in the 1930s his hand at science fiction
and fantasy, sometimes with a touch of love interest. In 'Osiriksen
sormus'
(1934,
The ring of Osiris) a Finnish man, Aarne Koski, is transported from the
1930s to the
age of Pharaoh Akhenaten, who lived in the 14th century BC. (His
enigmatic
character
inspired Mika Waltari's 1945 novel Sinuhe the Egyptian.) Koski takes a look
at the Rome of Tiberius in '5
minuutin ikuisuus' (1936, Etenity of five minutes). Both of these time
travel stories appeared in Lukemista Kaikille. They were lifted
from oblivion by Juri Nummelin in 2011. 'Maailma joka kerran oli' (1937) told about the end of
the world set in the year 1987. A small group of survivors in Helsinki
region is
torn apart; the good ones win the battle and build a nation. Their old
leader
makes an imperialistic speech: "Olemme paljon korkeammalla
sivistystasolla kuin mitkään naapurikansoistamme, joista vielä
yksikään ei ole yhtynyt yhtenäiseksi kansaksi ja muodostanut
valtakuntaa, kuten me. He ovat jatkuvasti heimoina, jotka useat ovat
meidän vallanalaisuudessa ja maksavat meille veroa – ja tulevat pian
sulautumaan meihin." (quoted in Kuviteltu tulevaisuus:
tieteiskirjallisuus Suomessa 1803-1944 by Jari Koponen and
Vesa Sisättö, Helsinki: Avain, 2024, p. 255) Löfberg's scifi drew on the Spenglerian vision, in which the cycle of creation and destruction is unending, it repeats itself all over again. As a pessimist, Löfberg did not believe in peaceful evolution: the wheel of progress can go backwards too. In 8 taivaallista miestä (Eight men from heaven) a group of astronauts return to earth on the year 2176. Most of the humanity has been destroyed. The astronauts settle in Finland which is attacked by expansionist China. (first published in Jännityslukemisto - Seikkailukertomuksia, No. 6, 1961; 8 taivaallista miestä by Marton Taiga, Helsinki: Jalava, 1986) A very private person, Löfberg generally managed to avoid
publicity, although in the 1930s and '40s, he was one of the most
popular writers in Finland. He lived in Järvenpää, some 30 kilometres
from Helsinki, in a villa, that had been transported from Karelian
Isthmus. During the Winter War and Continuation War, Löfberg
served as a sergeant-major in the Army. From 1943 to 1944 he published
crime fiction and adventure novels, several of which were revised from
his short stories. The historical adventure novel Valehtelin
sinulle, Zorilla (1944), about
Paraguay's war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay during the
dictatorship of El Supremo, was a
dispirited story of a small nation fighting for its survival -
perhaps meant to parallel Finland's situation against the Soviet
aggression in the
World War II. This novel was published by Lehtiyhtymä and reissued by
Tammi in 1975. Under the pseudonym of Laura Kestilä, one of his female pen names, Löfberg sent stories to the magazine Salainen salkku, edited by Outsider. The cover artist was the prolific illustrator and comics artist Ami Hauhio; he painted many covers for Löfberg's books. They often portray strong male figures, sometimes with a female (mostly fully clothed) beauty. Porkkana (the Carrot) series was launched in 1937. "Ai niin,
minunhan piti vielä huomauttaa, että Kid Barrow on aloittanut
tallustelunsa tämän Lukemisemme sivuilla. Taiga on pistäytynyt New
Yorkissa ja tutkinut teerenpilkkuisten sanomalehtipoikain sielun- y.m.
elämää. Tuloksena on Porkkana! Isolla P:llä. Lukekaapa, niin näette
miten maamme taitavin seikkailukertoja on tämän aiheensa käsitellyt." ('Toimittaja pakisee' by Iso-Karhu [Yrjö Halme], in Lukemista Kaikille, No. 37, 1937,
p. 21) Probably the face of the protagonist, the red-haired, speckled Kid Barrow, was modelled after the American actor Mickey Rooney. "Koettakaa nyt kuvitella, miltä porkkananvärinen kärppä näyttäisi. Jos pystytte loihtimaan mieleenne sellaisen kuva, niin olette suunnilleen selvillä Kid Barrowin ulkonaisesta olemuksesta. Kid oli punatukkainen ja valtavan pisamainen - hän oli kerran saanut teerenpilkuistaan kolmannen palkinnon Long Island Cityn sanomalehtipoikakerhon pisamakilpailussa." (Porkkana: sanomalehtipoika Kid Barrow, Helsinki: Ilmarinen, 2nd ed., 1943) Barrow grows up from a 14-year-old newspaper boy in New York into a scoop-hunting reporter, marries and has a son, Kid Barrow Jr., who continues in his father's footsteps in six novels. In the 1970s Porkkana books were reissued by Tammi and in the 2020s in e-book form by SAGA Egmont. Löfberg's later works include the mystery novel Kuka murhasi konsulin? (1951). Actually, he only allowed Kustannusosakeyhtiö Mantere to publish it under the name of Marton Taiga. It don't belong among his best achievements and the real writer has remained a secret. Also Kultainen kameleontti (1951) and Lentävä lautanen: veijaritarina Siniseltä rannikolta (1951) were published by Mantere. Martti Löfberg died on February 24, 1969, in Järvenpää. For further reading: 'Marton Taiga,' in Kuviteltu tulevaisuus: tieteiskirjallisuus Suomessa 1803-1944 by Jari Koponen and Vesa Sisättö (2024); 'Malja Marton Taigalle' by Paula Arvas, in Ruumiinkulttuuri, No. 1 (2007); Ruumiit, timantit ja sikarit. Toiveet ja pelot Marton Taigan komisario Kairala noelleissa by Paula Arvas (pro gradu, 1999); 'Tuo mainio marisija' by Kalevi Haiko, foreword to Komisario Kairalan tutkimuksia: 34 rikoskertomusta by Marton Taiga (1987); Pidättekö dekkareista: jännityskirjallisuuden tekijöitä, historiaa, estetiikkaa by Kai Ekholm and Jukka Parkkinen (1985); Hornanlinnan perilliset: 70 vuotta suomalaista salapoliisikirjallisuutta by Timo Kukkola (1980) - Note: Inspector William J. Kairala's coctail: 1/s Northern Isles, 1/4 Bordeaux Beau, 1/4 Médoc. Selected works:
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